Emerson and the Concord Movement

When Emerson went to see Carlyle, Carlyle gave him a copy of the Geetha. When he read the Geetha, Emerson said " It was as if an Empire spoke to us".

Indian Philosophy so inspired Emerson that he started a movement called the Concord Movement, which was transcendental by nature.

Transcend, says the Rig Veda, transcend this relative plane, " Nivarthdvam".

"the brilliant genius of Emerson rose in the winter nights, and hung over Boston, drawing the eyes of ingenuous young people to look up to that great new start, a beauty and a mystery, which charmed for the moment, while it gave also perennial inspiration, as it led them forward along new paths, and towards new hopes", said Parker.

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Thoreau and Indian Philosophy

Henry David Thoreau was a transcendentalist. About the Geetha he said, " In the early hours of the morning, I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosomogonal philosophy of the Geetha, before which the modern world appears puny and trivial". His magnum opus, the Walden, is modelled after the 18 chapters of the Geetha and the 18 parvas of the Mahabharatha.

It was a book written by Thoreau, " Civil Disobedient Movement' which inspired Gandhi. It is said that Gandhi brought back from America what was fundamentally the philosophy of India, after it was envisioned in the mind of Thoreau.

Milton and Vidwesha Bhakti

Milton was an ardent devotee, but he was angry he was made to bear the cross by the Lord. He was blind.


He wrote the Paradise Lost to redeem God.


That I may assert Eternal Providence
And justify the ways of God to man !


But deep within his heart, there was animosity to God, who made him suffer.


Whom the Lord loveth, He chasteneth.

When Paradise Lost was published, Satan became the unconscious hero of Paradise Lost .

Oft quoted are Satan's words such as

It is better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven.

If the devotee goes near the Lord and suffers, it is better not to go near the Lord !

Farthest from Him is best
Whom reason has equalled
Force had made supreme
against his equals.

Satanic Bible says it somebody hits you on one cheek, hit him back and smash him. Turning the other cheek is not so practical !

Suddenly Milton knew that Paradise Lost had projected Satan and had ridiculed the doctrines of loving the enemy and the neighbour. So he wrote the Paradise Regained to redeem God. He couldnt, as people hailed his former work, Paradise Lost.

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The Song Celestial and Sir Edwin Arnold !

Another great poet was Sir Edwin Arnold. He was Knight Commander of the British Empire. He fell in love with India. He translated the Geetha into English poem. 

In his foreword to the " Song Celestial ( Geetha ) ", he hails both India and England !

This is a discourse between
Prince Arjun and the Supreme
In the form of Lord Krishna 

So have I writ its wisdom here,
Its hidden Mystery,
For England O our India,
As dear to me as She !

Why did Goethe say that Kalidasa was the greatest poet of all time ? There are reasons.

Arthur Ryder says when writing on Kalidasa that "rarely has a man walked our earth who observed the phenomena of living Nature as accurately as he, though his accuracy was of course that of the poet, not that of the scientist." 

Ryder was right. For Kalidasa knew the landscape, the brooks, the flowers and trees.

He was one of the Nine Gems who tenanted the Court of King Vikramaditya. With Dhanwantari to champion the cause of Ayurveda, Varaha Astrology, Magha Poetry, Kalidasa represented Overmind Poetry !

Dhanwantari Kshapana pamarasingha pangur
Vethala bhatta ghata karpara kalidas
Khyatho varaha mihiro nripatye sabhayam
Ratnani vair vararuchi nava vikramsya !

Talking about Kalidasa's work, Goethe commented: "Here the poet seems to be in the height of his talent in representation of the natural order, of the finest mode of life "


Unlike Aurobindo, Dante or Goethe, Kalidasa was a material poet, along with Tagore. We find Overmind Poetry in Aurobindo, Dante and Goethe. On the other hand, Tagore and Kalidasa were not so supra-mundane. There is a verse in Kalidasa, which says the Rishies were cheated of the pleasures of the city, while they pined for Heaven !

Goethe about Kalidasa

These are the exact words of Goethe about Shakuntala 

Willst du die Blüthe des frühen, die Früchte des späteren Jahres,
Willst du, was reizt and entzückt, willst du was sättigt and nährt,
Willst du den Himmel, die Erde, mit Einem Namen begreifen;
Nenn’ ich, Sakuntala, Dich, and so ist Alles gesagt.
GOETHE.

Wouldst thou the young year's blossoms and the fruits of its decline,
And all by which the soul is charmed, enraptured, feasted, fed?
Wouldst thou the earth and heaven itself in one sole name combine?
I name thee, O Shakuntala, and all at once is said.
(Eastwich's translation)

Vasantham kusumam phalam cha yugapat
Greeshmasya varshasya yad
Tachantam manasa rasoyatha mana santharpanam mohanam
Ekeebhoota mabhoota poorvamadhava
Swar loka bhoo lokayou
Aishwaryam yadi vanchasi priyathame
Shakuntalam Drisyatham

Savitri, the Conquest of Death

Aurobindo's major works are the Life Divine ( prose ) and Savithri ( poetry).

Savithri is allegorical, and represents the conquest of Death and the passage into the realm of Immortality.

Savithri tells Death

How can any one show thee Truth's supreme face ?
To thought an incomprehensible supreme Supreme Light 
To speech a marvel inexpressible 
If thou wert to unmask Truth's face supreme
Thou shalt suddenly grow wise and cease to be !